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2016年普通高等学校全国统一考试英语真题北京卷（阅读理解D篇）
Why College Is Not Home
The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.
For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passagefrom the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.
To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.
Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.
Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.
It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.
Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.
67. What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?
A. Sympathetic B. Disapproving
C. Supportive D. Neutral
68. The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means.
A. change B. choice
C. text D. extension
69. According to the author ,what role should college play?
A.to develop a shared identity among students
B.to define and regulate students’ social behavior
C. To provide a safe world without tension for students
D. To foster students’ intellectual and personal development
70.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
【答案与解析】
本文为议论文 通过分析当前大学存在的问题，论证了大学在培养学生自主性和成年人个人认知方面的重要作用和遇到的问题，以及大学教育应该考虑到哪些方面。
67. 正确答案为：B
从文章第一段第一句话“大学应该是培养学生自主性和个人认知发展的重要时期”看出作者的观点，可知作者对题干中提及的持续的家长指导持否定态度，所以答案是 B。
68. 正确答案为：A
定位第二段划线词所在句子“…..as a passage from….to….”，从 from….to….的结构，即：“将大学视为从家庭避难所到自主性和成年责任的转变”，与选项 A 含义最为接近，所以答案是 A。
69. 正确答案为：D
采用选项关键信息对应的方法，由文章第 3 段第 2 句：This process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually and personally，可知与 D 选项中 intellectual and personal development 对应, 所以答案是 D。
70. 文章结构题 正确答案为：C
本文第一、二段属于文章背景介绍和观点（I），第三段属于 P1, 借助第四段开头的“equally important”可知第四段开始为 P2，由第五段开头出现 moreover，可以判断 P2 论点又可以分为 SP1 和 SP2 两个论点，最后一段为结论，所以答案是 C。
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